Circular RNAs(CircRNAs)are a class of non-coding RNAs with a covalently closed-loop structure,high stability,and tissue specificity,with the production mechanisms different from linear RNAs.Recent studies have discovered that some CircRNAs can encode proteins via cap-independent translation mechanisms such as internal ribosome entry site,N6-methyladenosine,and rolling loop translation.The encoded proteins regulate homologous linear proteins or downstream signaling pathways via protein bait or other mechanisms,thereby exerting biological functions.Studies have shown that CircRNAs play a role in various diseases,especially in tumor progression,proliferation,invasion,and metastasis and immune regulation.Therefore,by elucidating the expression and roles of proteins encoded by CircRNAs in tumorigenesis and development,this paper is expected to provide new tumor markers and potential targets for tumor diagnosis and treatment.
环状RNA(CircRNA)是一类具有连续、共价闭合、环状结构的单链RNA,生成机制与线性RNA存在较大差异。目前研究已发现部分CircRNA可以通过内部核糖体进入位点、N6-甲基腺苷和滚环翻译等非帽依赖性蛋白翻译机制来编码蛋白质,且编码的蛋白质可进一步通过蛋白诱饵或其他作用机制来调控同源线性蛋白质或下游信号通路,进而发挥生物学功能。已有研究表明CircRNA在各种疾病发生发展中发挥重要作用,特别是参与肿瘤生长增殖、侵袭转移和免疫调节等发生发展过程中。因此,通过阐明编码CircRNA产生的蛋白质在肿瘤发生发展中的表达情况和作用机制,有望为肿瘤诊治提供新的肿瘤标志物和潜在靶点。.
Keywords: circular RNA; internal ribosome entry site; protein; protein bait.