A green tea extract confection decreases circulating endotoxin and fasting glucose by improving gut barrier function but without affecting systemic inflammation: A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial in healthy adults and adults with metabolic syndrome

Min Zeng; Joanna K Hodges; Avinash Pokala; Mona Khalafi; Geoffrey Y Sasaki; Jillian Pierson; Sisi Cao; Guy Brock; Zhongtang Yu; Jiangjiang Zhu; Yael Vodovotz; Richard S Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2024.02.001

A green tea extract confection decreases circulating endotoxin and fasting glucose by improving gut barrier function but without affecting systemic inflammation: A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial in healthy adults and adults with metabolic syndrome

Nutr Res. 2024 Feb 5:124:94-110. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.02.001. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
² Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA.
³ Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
⁴ Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
⁵ Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
⁶ Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. Electronic address: Bruno.27@osu.edu.

PMID: 38430822
DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.02.001

Abstract

Anti-inflammatory activities of catechin-rich green tea extract (GTE) in obese rodents protect against metabolic endotoxemia by decreasing intestinal permeability and absorption of gut-derived endotoxin. However, translation to human health has not been established. We hypothesized that GTE would reduce endotoxemia by decreasing gut permeability and intestinal and systemic inflammation in persons with metabolic syndrome (MetS) compared with healthy persons. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in healthy adults (n = 19, 34 ± 2 years) and adults with MetS (n = 21, 40 ± 3 years) examined 4-week administration of a decaffeinated GTE confection (890 mg/d total catechins) on serum endotoxin, intestinal permeability, gut and systemic inflammation, and cardiometabolic parameters. Compared with the placebo, the GTE confection decreased serum endotoxin (P = .023) in both healthy persons and those with MetS, while increasing concentrations of circulating catechins (P < .0001) and γ-valerolactones (P = .0001). Fecal calprotectin (P = .029) and myeloperoxidase (P = .048) concentrations were decreased by GTE regardless of health status. Following the ingestion of gut permeability probes, urinary lactose/mannitol (P = .043) but not sucralose/erythritol (P > .05) was decreased by GTE regardless of health status. No between-treatment differences (P > .05) were observed for plasma aminotransferases, blood pressure, plasma lipids, or body mass nor were plasma tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, or the ratio of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein/soluble cluster of differentiation-14 affected. However, fasting glucose in both study groups was decreased (P = .029) by the GTE confection compared with within-treatment arm baseline concentrations. These findings demonstrate that catechin-rich GTE is effective to decrease circulating endotoxin and improve glycemic control in healthy adults and those with MetS, likely by reducing gut inflammation and small intestinal permeability but without affecting systemic inflammation.

Keywords: Green tea catechins; Gut barrier function; Intestinal permeability; Metabolic endotoxemia; Metabolic syndrome.