Detection of the Effects of Root Exudates (Diffusates) on Nematode Hatching and Attraction

Abstract

Plant-parasitic nematodes have enormous economic and social impacts. The majority of plant-parasitic nematodes are soil dwelling and feed on plant roots. Exudates from actively growing roots initiate hatch of some nematode species, thus ensuring infective juveniles emerge in close proximity to host plant roots. Several gradients of volatile and non-volatile compounds are established around plant roots, at least some of which are used by nematodes to orientate toward the roots. Plant-parasitic nematodes are microscopic in size (less than 1 mm in length and between 15 and 20 μm in diameter), so investigations into behavior are challenging. Various in vitro techniques have been used to evaluate the effects of root exudates. The techniques can also be used to evaluate the comparative attractiveness of different plants or cultivars of the same plant species. This chapter describes some examples of different types of basic in vitro assays.

Keywords: Agar plate assay; Chemosensory responses; Cyst nematode; Hatching factor; Nematode behavior; Nematode invasion; Plant-parasitic nematode; Pluronic gel.