Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibitor Suppresses the Local Progression of Rhabdomyosarcoma With PDX Models

Abstract

Background/aim: Chemoresistance in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is associated with poor survival, necessitating the development of novel anticancer drugs. Auranofin (AUR), an anti-rheumatic drug, is a thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD) inhibitor with anticancer properties. Although patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are essential for studying cancer biology, reports on sarcomas using the PDX model are scarce because of their rarity. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of AUR treatment in RMS using a PDX model to evaluate its impact on local progression.

Materials and methods: A 20-year-old woman who was diagnosed with alveolar RMS was used to generate the PDX model. RMS PDX tumors were implanted in nude mice and divided into non-treated (vehicle) and treated (AUR) groups. Tumor volume and weight were evaluated, and immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate local progression of the sarcoma. The relationship between the TXNRD-1 expression and survival probability of patients with RMS was evaluated using publicly available expression cohorts.

Results: AUR significantly suppressed RMS tumor progression over time. It also significantly suppressed the tumor size and weight at the time of excision. Histological evaluation showed that AUR induced oxidative stress in the PDX mouse models and inhibited the local progression of RMS by inducing apoptosis. High TXNRD-1 expression was found to be a negative prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with RMS.

Conclusion: AUR-induced inhibition of TXNRDs can significantly impede the local progression of RMS through the oxidative stress-apoptosis pathway as demonstrated in PDX models. Thus, targeting TXNRD inhibition may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of RMS.

Keywords: AUR; PDX; RMS; Rhabdomyosarcoma; TXNRD; auranofin; patient-derived xenograft; thioredoxin reductase.