Retrospective Cohort Study on Determinants of Mechanical Ventilation Duration of COVID-19 ICU Patients

Khalid J Alsuwat; Yasseer Y Sonbul; Khalid Alharbi; Fatimah Baqer Alfaraj; Ammar M Aljohani; Hadeel Alosaimi; Abdulmohsen A Alshehri; Manar Y Aljarid; Bara Alalweni; Kheder Alghamdi; Mansour S Alqahtani; Noura Almadani; Ayman M Kharaba

doi:10.7759/cureus.53169

Retrospective Cohort Study on Determinants of Mechanical Ventilation Duration of COVID-19 ICU Patients

Cureus. 2024 Jan 29;16(1):e53169. doi: 10.7759/cureus.53169. eCollection 2024 Jan.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Hamad University Hospital, Taif, SAU.
² Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU.
³ Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU.
⁴ Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, POL.
⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Madina, SAU.
⁶ Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, SAU.
⁷ Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU.
⁸ Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Jouf, Jouf, SAU.
⁹ Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU.
¹⁰ Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Abha, Abha, SAU.
¹¹ Department of Community and Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU.
¹² Critical Care Department, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, SAU.

Abstract

Background In the face of the ongoing global health crisis posed by COVID-19, it becomes imperative to understand the disease's dynamics, particularly in specific regions. This study provides a detailed examination of the factors influencing mechanical ventilation (MV) duration among COVID-19 patients in an intensive care setting, focusing on a diverse patient cohort from the Al Hassa region of Saudi Arabia. The primary aim of this study was to identify key demographic factors, clinical outcomes, and comorbidities that affect the duration of MV among ICU patients with COVID-19. This understanding is crucial for enhancing patient care and informing healthcare strategies in the context of the pandemic. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted to the ICU in the Al Hassa region. The total number of participants was 1,259. Using a systematic sampling method, these participants were chosen to create a representative sample that reflects the prevailing treatment protocols in ICUs across these hospitals. Data encompassed patient demographics, comorbidities, clinical outcomes, and MV duration. Statistical analyses were employed to explore the associations between these variables. Results Our findings reveal a total of 1,259 participants significant associations between MV duration and various factors, including nationality, legal status, travel history, and comorbidities like heart failure and immunocompromised status. These insights are instrumental in understanding the nuances of COVID-19 management in critical care. Conclusion The study provides valuable insights into the determinants of MV duration in severe COVID-19 cases, emphasizing the need for individualized patient care approaches. It highlights the complexity of managing COVID-19 in ICU settings and underscores the importance of tailored healthcare responses to this global health challenge, particularly in the Al Hassa region.

Keywords: al hassa region; comorbidity prevalence; covid-19 epidemiology; disease severity predictors; mortality indicators; patient outcomes; public health strategy; retrospective cohort; risk factor analysis; saudi arabia.