Comparative study of some non-Newtonian nanofluid models across stretching sheet: a case of linear radiation and activation energy effects

Syed Asif Ali Shah; Muhammad Idrees; Abdul Bariq; Bilal Ahmad; Bagh Ali; Adham E Ragab; Emad A Az-Zo'bi

doi:10.1038/s41598-024-54398-x

Comparative study of some non-Newtonian nanofluid models across stretching sheet: a case of linear radiation and activation energy effects

Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 28;14(1):4950. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54398-x.

Authors

Syed Asif Ali Shah¹, Muhammad Idrees¹, Abdul Bariq², Bilal Ahmad¹, Bagh Ali³, Adham E Ragab⁴, Emad A Az-Zo'bi⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
² Department of Mathematics, Laghman University, Mehtarlam City, Laghman, 2701, Afghanistan. abdulbariq.maths@gmail.com.
³ School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
⁴ Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, 11 421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Mathematics, Mutah University, Mutah, Al Karak, Jordan.

Abstract

The use of renewable energy sources is leading the charge to solve the world's energy problems, and non-Newtonian nanofluid dynamics play a significant role in applications such as expanding solar sheets, which are examined in this paper, along with the impacts of activation energy and solar radiation. We solve physical flow issues using partial differential equations and models like Casson, Williamson, and Prandtl. To get numerical solutions, we first apply a transformation to make these equations ordinary differential equations, and then we use the MATLAB-integrated bvp4c methodology. Through the examination of dimensionless velocity, concentration, and temperature functions under varied parameters, our work explores the physical properties of nanofluids. In addition to numerical and tabular studies of the skin friction coefficient, Sherwood number, and local Nusselt number, important components of the flow field are graphically shown and analyzed. Consistent with previous research, this work adds important new information to the continuing conversation in this area. Through the examination of dimensionless velocity, concentration, and temperature functions under varied parameters, our work explores the physical properties of nanofluids. Comparing the Casson nanofluid to the Williamson and Prandtl nanofluids, it is found that the former has a lower velocity. Compared to Casson and Williamson nanofluid, Prandtl nanofluid advanced in heat flux more quickly. The transfer of heat rates are $25.87 %$ , $33.61 %$ and $40.52 %$ at $R d = 0.5, R d = 1.0$ , and $R d = 1.5$ , respectively. The heat transfer rate is increased by $6.91 %$ as the value of Rd rises from 1.0 to 1.5. This study is further strengthened by a comparative analysis with previous research, which is complemented by an extensive table of comparisons for a full evaluation.

Keywords: Activation energy; Casson nanofluid; Nanofluids; Non-Newtonian fluid models; Prandtl nanofluid; Thermal radiations; Williamson nanofluid.