Pulmonary infections, such as tuberculosis, can result in numerous pleural complications including empyemas, pneumothoraces with broncho-pleural fistulas, and persistent air leak. While definitive surgical interventions are often initially considered, management of these complications can be particularly challenging if a patient has an active infection and is not a surgical candidate. Autologous blood patch pleurodesis and endobronchial valve placement have both been described in remedying persistent air leaks (PALs) effectively and safely. PALs due to broncho-pleural fistulas in active pulmonary disease are rare, and we present two such cases that were managed with autologous blood patch pleurodesis and endobronchial valves.
S. Karger AG, Basel.