Identification of the toxin components of Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA and its destructive effect on plant cell membrane structure

Shanshan Xu; Shaofeng Ren; Wenjing Bao; Xiaoguang Li; Yumei Zhang; Buzhu Yu; Weiqi Li; Chengyun Li; Wenhan Dong; Genhua Yang

doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1348257

Identification of the toxin components of Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA and its destructive effect on plant cell membrane structure

Front Plant Sci. 2024 Feb 13:15:1348257. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1348257. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Shanshan Xu^#¹, Shaofeng Ren^#², Wenjing Bao¹, Xiaoguang Li¹, Yumei Zhang³, Buzhu Yu⁴, Weiqi Li⁴, Chengyun Li¹, Wenhan Dong¹, Genhua Yang¹

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
² School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
³ Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China.
⁴ Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Rice sheath blight is a fungal disease caused mainly by Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA. Toxins are a major pathogenic factor of R. solani, and some studies have reported their toxin components; however, there is no unified conclusion. In this study, we reported the toxin components and their targets that play a role in R. solani AG1-IA. First, toxins produced by R. solani AG1-IA were examined. Several important phytotoxins, including benzoic acid (BZA), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furanic aid (HFA), and catechol (CAT), were identified by comparative analysis of secondary metabolites from AG1-IA, AG1-IB, and healthy rice. Follow-up studies have shown that the toxin components of this fungus can rapidly disintegrate the biofilm structure while maintaining the content of host plant membrane components, thereby affecting the organelles, which may also explain the lack of varieties highly resistant to sheath blight.

Keywords: R. solani AG1-IA; membrane components; membrane structure; rice sheath blight; toxin.

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This project was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFD1400800), the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China (31960525, 31160352, 31360423), the National Natural Scientific Foundation of Yunnan (202207AA11000), and identification and specimen production of invasive alien species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.