Non-exercise Activity Thermogenesis Correlated With Clinical Parameters in Patients With or At-Risk for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Pilot Study

Sanehiro Yogi; Toru Shirahata; Hideaki Sato; Yuki Nishida; Kaiji Inoue; Mamoru Niitsu; Tomoe Akagami; Kenji Masaki; Makoto Nagata; Shigeho Tanaka; Fuminori Katsukawa; Hidetoshi Nakamura

doi:10.7759/cureus.53019

Non-exercise Activity Thermogenesis Correlated With Clinical Parameters in Patients With or At-Risk for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Pilot Study

Cureus. 2024 Jan 26;16(1):e53019. doi: 10.7759/cureus.53019. eCollection 2024 Jan.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, JPN.
² Biostatistics, M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, JPN.
³ Sports Medicine Research Center, Keio University, Yokohama, JPN.
⁴ Radiology, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, JPN.
⁵ Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama, JPN.

Abstract

Background: Attention to physical activity has grown in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as it serves as a robust indicator for mortality associated with COPD. Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) is the energy expenditure due to physical activities besides active sports-like exercises and resistance training in daily life, and decreased NEAT may be related to physical inactivity in patients with COPD. We examined whether NEAT assessed using a questionnaire reflects clinical parameters in patients with or at risk for COPD.

Methods: The study participants consisted of 36 male patients (COPD=28; stage1=6, stage2=14, stage3/4=8, and at-risk for COPD=8) older than 50 years of age. The participants underwent anthropometric measurements, lung function testing, a six-minute walk test, muscle strength testing, and questionnaires, e.g., the COPD assessment test (CAT), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Image analysis with chest computed tomography (CT) included the number of trunk muscles, bronchial wall thickening, and emphysema (percentage of the lung ﬁeld occupied by low attenuation area <-950 HU). We evaluated the relationship between these clinical parameters and NEAT questionnaire scores using Pearson correlation analysis and the Tukey-Kramer test.

Results: The NEAT score was correlated with the severity of airflow limitation and airway wall thickness measured by chest CT, symptoms evaluated by the mMRC dyspnea scale and CAT, and inspiratory muscle strength and pectoralis muscle area assessed by CT.

Conclusion: Our study revealed the significance of NEAT as a valuable indicator in assessing the health status of patients with or at risk for COPD. The NEAT score was correlated with various clinical traits, suggesting that incorporating NEAT assessments using a questionnaire can contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the clinical condition in these patients. Further large-scale studies are warranted to validate and generalize these findings across diverse COPD populations.

Keywords: body composition; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; imaging analysis; non-exercise activity thermogenesis; physical activity.