Analysis of Age-Specific Predictors of Mortality in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019

Abstract

Aim: We investigated predictors of mortality, including demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters, in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.

Patients and methods: This retrospective, single-center study included 651 consecutive Turkish adults who had been admitted to the emergency department with a diagnosis of COVID-19. We recorded the demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters of the patients. The patients were divided into two groups: patients aged ≥65 years and patients aged <65 years. The predictors of mortality for hospitalized COVID-19 patients were evaluated.

Results: The study included 651 patients (354 [54.4%] men and 297 [45.6%] women; mean age, 56.40 ± 15.70 years). The most common comorbidities were hypertension (37.6%), diabetes mellitus (28.9%), and coronary artery disease (CAD) (16.1%). The overall mortality rate was 10.6% (n = 69); the mortality rate was higher in men than in women. Advanced age; chronic renal failure (CRF); prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time; high serum neutrophil and platelet counts; high C-reactive protein to albumin (CRP/albumin) ratio; and high levels of albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and high-sensitivity troponin I (TnI-hs) were independent predictors of mortality in all age groups.

Conclusion: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), high serum platelet count, high CRP/albumin ratio, and high levels of albumin, TnI-hs, and D-dimer were independent predictors of mortality in patients aged <65 years. Conversely, advanced age, CAD, CRF, and high levels of serum CRP and LDH were independent predictors of mortality in patients aged ≥65 years.