Background: Cloninger's psychobiosocial model of personality proposes that consistent patterns of health behavior are determined by the complex interaction of different neurobiological processes of the patient's temperament and character dimensions. Poor medication adherence is a pervasive problem among glaucoma patients and can lead to increased morbidity and disability. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between Cloninger's personality dimensions and medication adherence among glaucoma patients.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among 113 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. The treatment adherence was assessed through a valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire, the Culig Adherence Scale (CAS). Personality dimensions were evaluated using the abbreviated version of the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-140). Statistical analyses were performed using TIBCO Statistica 14.0.1. The study protocol was registered in the DRKS - German Clinical Trials Register; (DRKS-ID: DRKS00022081).
Results: According to CAS, only 39.8% of patients were adherent to glaucoma treatment. Adherence was significantly negatively related only to the character dimension of Self-Transcendence (p < 0.05). No other TCI-140 dimension was significantly associated with medication adherence (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: The results suggest that POAG patients with higher scores on the Self-Transcendent personality dimension are more likely to experience difficulties adhering to medication regimen. The study highlights the importance of a holistic approach to glaucoma treatment, which takes into account not only the biological aspects of disease but also the psychosocial factors that influence patient behavior. Healthcare providers may need to consider glaucoma patients' personality dimensions, beliefs and values when developing treatment plans and strategies to improve medication adherence.
Keywords: Cloninger; Glaucoma; character; personality dimensions; temperament; treatment adherence.