Time-domain heart rate dynamics in the prognosis of progressive atherosclerosis

Rahul Kumar; Yogender Aggarwal; Vinod Kumar Nigam; Rakesh Kumar Sinha

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2024.01.011

Time-domain heart rate dynamics in the prognosis of progressive atherosclerosis

Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2024 Jan 14:S0939-4753(24)00013-9. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.01.011. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Rahul Kumar¹, Yogender Aggarwal², Vinod Kumar Nigam³, Rakesh Kumar Sinha⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Electronic address: be10001.18@bitmesra.ac.in.
² Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Electronic address: yaggarwal@bitmesra.ac.in.
³ Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Electronic address: vknigam@bitmesra.ac.in.
⁴ Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Electronic address: rakeshsinha@bitmesra.ac.in.

PMID: 38403487
DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.01.011

Abstract

Background and aim: The regular uptake of a high-fat diet (HFD) with changing lifestyle causes atherosclerosis leading to cardiovascular diseases and autonomic dysfunction. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the correlation of autonomic activity to lipid and atherosclerosis markers. Further, the study proposes a support vector machine (SVM) based model in the prediction of atherosclerosis severity.

Methods and results: The Lead-II electrocardiogram and blood markers were measured from both the control and the experiment subjects each week for nine consecutive weeks. The time-domain heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were derived, and the significance level was tested using a one-way Analysis of Variance. The correlation analysis was performed to determine the relation between autonomic parameters and lipid and atherosclerosis markers. The statistically significant time-domain values were used as features of the SVM. The observed results demonstrated the reduced time domain HRV parameters with the increase in lipid and atherosclerosis index markers with the progressive atherosclerosis severity. The correlation analysis revealed a negative association between time-domain HRV parameters with lipid and atherosclerosis parameters. The percentage accuracy increases from 86.58% to 98.71% with the increase in atherosclerosis severity with regular consumption of HFD.

Conclusions: Atherosclerosis causes autonomic dysfunction with reduced HRV. The negative correlation between autonomic parameters and lipid profile and atherosclerosis indexes marker revealed the potential role of vagal activity in the prognosis of atherosclerosis progression. The support vector machine presented a respectable accuracy in the prediction of atherosclerosis severity from the control group.

Keywords: Atherosclerosis; Autonomic activity; Heart rate variability; High-fat diet; Support vector machine.

Copyright © 2024 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.