Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) among acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases in 16 provinces of China from 2009 to 2023. Methods: The data of this study were collected from the ARI surveillance data from 16 provinces in China from 2009 to 2023, with a total of 28 278 ARI cases included in the study. The clinical specimens from ARI cases were screened for HRSV nucleic acid from 2009 to 2023, and differences in virus detection rates among cases of different age groups, regions, and months were analyzed. Results: A total of 28 278 ARI cases were enrolled from January 2009 to September 2023. The age of the cases ranged from<1 month to 112 years, and the age M (Q1, Q3) was 3 years (1 year, 9 years). Among them, 3 062 cases were positive for HRSV nucleic acid, with a total detection rate of 10.83%. From 2009 to 2019, the detection rate of HRSV was 9.33%, and the virus was mainly prevalent in winter and spring. During the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the detection rate of HRSV fluctuated between 6.32% and 18.67%. There was no traditional winter epidemic peak of HRSV from the end of 2022 to the beginning of 2023, and an anti-seasonal epidemic of HRSV occurred from April to May 2023. About 87.95% (2 693/3 062) of positive cases were children under 5 years old, and the difference in the detection rate of HRSV among different age groups was statistically significant (P<0.001), showing a decreasing trend of HRSV detection rate with the increase of age (P<0.001). Among them, the HRSV detection rate (25.69%) was highest in children under 6 months. Compared with 2009-2019, the ranking of HRSV detection rates in different age groups changed from high to low between 2020 and 2023, with the age M (Q1, Q3) of HRSV positive cases increasing from 1 year (6 months, 3 years) to 2 years (11 months, 3 years). Conclusion: Through 15 years of continuous HRSV surveillance analysis, children under 5 years old, especially infants under 6 months old, are the main high-risk population for HRSV infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence and patterns of HRSV in China have changed.
目的： 了解2009—2023年我国16个省份急性呼吸道感染（ARI）病例中人呼吸道合胞病毒（HRSV）的流行特征。 方法： 研究资料来源于2009—2023年我国16个省份ARI病例监测数据，共有28 278例ARI病例纳入研究。监测病例的临床标本进行了HRSV核酸筛查，并分析不同年龄组、不同地区和不同月份病例的HRSV检出率差异。 结果： 2009年1月至2023年9月，共纳入28 278例ARI病例。病例年龄范围为<1月龄~112岁，年龄M（Q1，Q3）为3岁（1岁，9岁）。28 278例ARI病例中有3 062例HRSV核酸阳性，总检出率为10.83%。2009—2019年HRSV检出率为9.33%，病毒主要以冬春季流行为主。在新型冠状病毒感染（COVID-19）流行期间，HRSV检出率在6.32%~18.67%之间波动；2022年底至2023年初未出现HRSV传统的冬季流行高峰，在2023年4—5月出现了HRSV反季节流行。87.95%（2 693/3 062）HRSV阳性病例为 5岁以下的儿童，不同年龄组中HRSV检出率的差异具有统计学差异（P<0.001），呈现出随着年龄增加HRSV检出率降低的趋势（P<0.001），其中以<6月龄组患儿的HRSV检出率最高（25.69%）。和2009—2019年相比，2020—2023年期间不同年龄组的HRSV检出率从高到低的排序发生变化，HRSV阳性病例的年龄M（Q1，Q3）从1岁（6月龄，3岁）增加至2岁（11月龄，3岁）。 结论： 通过连续15年的HRSV监测分析发现，5岁以下的儿童，尤其是<6月龄婴幼儿是HRSV感染的主要高发人群。COVID-19流行期间，我国HRSV流行水平和流行模式发生了变化。.