Nuclear medicine has become an indispensable discipline in the diagnosis and management of musculoskeletal infections. Radionuclide tests serve as a valuable diagnostic tool for patients suspected of having osteomyelitis, spondylodiscitis, or prosthetic joint infections. The choice of the most suitable imaging modality depends on various factors, including the affected area, potential extra osseous involvement, or the impact of previous bone/joint conditions. This review provides an update on the use of conventional radionuclide imaging tests and recent advancements in fusion imaging scans for the differential diagnosis of musculoskeletal infections. Furthermore, it examines the role of radionuclide scans in monitoring treatment responses and explores current trends in their application. We anticipate that this update will be of significant interest to internists, rheumatologists, radiologists, orthopedic surgeons, rehabilitation physicians, and other specialists involved in musculoskeletal pathology.
Keywords: FDG-PET/TC; musculoskeletal infections; nuclear medicine; osteomyelitis; periprosthetic infections; scintigraphy; septic arthritis; spondylodiscitis.