The role of IL-19, IL-24, IL-21 and IL-33 in intestinal mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease: A narrative review

Alexandros Toskas; Stefanos Milias; Theodora Papamitsou; Soultana Meditskou; Nikolaos Kamperidis; Antonia Sioga

doi:10.1016/j.ajg.2024.01.002

The role of IL-19, IL-24, IL-21 and IL-33 in intestinal mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease: A narrative review

Arab J Gastroenterol. 2024 Feb 23:S1687-1979(24)00002-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajg.2024.01.002. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Alexandros Toskas¹, Stefanos Milias², Theodora Papamitsou³, Soultana Meditskou⁴, Nikolaos Kamperidis⁵, Antonia Sioga⁶

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; St Marks Hospital, Watford Rd, Harrow, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: a.toskas@nhs.net.
² Private Histopathology Laboratory, Ploutonos 27, Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: smilias@yahoo.com.
³ Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: thpapami@auth.gr.
⁴ Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: sefthym@auth.gr.
⁵ St Marks Hospital, Watford Rd, Harrow, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: nkamperidis@nhs.net.
⁶ Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: sioga@auth.gr.

PMID: 38395629
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2024.01.002

Abstract

Interleukins are potential therapeutic targets that can alter the prognosis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The roles of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-23 have been extensively studied, setting the stage for the development of novel treatments for patients with IBD. Other cytokines have been less extensively studied. Members of the IL-20 family, mainly IL-19 and IL-24, are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, but their exact role remains unclear. Similarly, IL-33, a newly identified cytokine, has been shown to control the Th1 effector response and the action of colonic Tregs in animal models of colitis and patients with IBD. IL-21 is involved in the Th1, Th2, and Th17 responses. Data support a promising future use of these interleukins as biomarkers of severe diseases and as potential therapeutic targets for novel monoclonal antibodies. This review aims to summarize the existing studies involving animal models of colitis and patients with IBD to clarify their role in the intestinal mucosa.

Keywords: IBD; IL-19; IL-21; IL-24; IL-33.

Publication types

Review