Colorimetric sensing of hydrogen peroxide using capped Morus nigra-sawdust deposited zinc oxide nanoparticles via Trigonella foenum extract

Umar Nishan; Tabassum Zahra; Amir Badshah; Nawshad Muhammad; Saifullah Afridi; Mohibullah Shah; Naeem Khan; Muhammad Asad; Riaz Ullah; Essam A Ali; Ke Chen

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2024.1338920

Colorimetric sensing of hydrogen peroxide using capped Morus nigra-sawdust deposited zinc oxide nanoparticles via Trigonella foenum extract

Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2024 Feb 8:12:1338920. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1338920. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
² Department of Dental Materials, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
³ Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
⁴ Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.

Abstract

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is one of the main byproducts of most enzymatic reactions, and its detection is very important in disease conditions. Due to its essential role in healthcare, the food industry, and environmental research, accurate H₂O₂ determination is a prerequisite. In the present work, Morus nigra sawdust deposited zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by the use of Trigonella foenum extract via a hydrothermal process. The synthesized platform was characterized by various techniques, including UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, etc. FTIR confirmed the presence of a Zn‒O characteristic peak, and XRD showed the hexagonal phase of ZnO NPs with a 35 nm particle size. The EDX analysis confirmed the presence of Zn and O. SEM images showed that the as-prepared nanoparticles are distributed uniformly on the surface of sawdust. The proposed platform (acetic acid-capped ZnO NPs deposited sawdust) functions as a mimic enzyme for the detection of H₂O₂ in the presence of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) colorimetrically. To get the best results, many key parameters, such as the amount of sawdust-deposited nanoparticles, TMB concentration, pH, and incubation time were optimized. With a linear range of 0.001-0.360 μM and an R² value of 0.999, the proposed biosensor's 0.81 nM limit of quantification (LOQ) and 0.24 nM limit of detection (LOD) were predicted, respectively. The best response for the proposed biosensor was observed at pH 7, room temperature, and 5 min of incubation time. The acetic acid-capped sawdust deposited ZnO NPs biosensor was also used to detect H₂O₂ in blood serum samples of diabetic patients and suggest a suitable candidate for in vitro diagnostics and commercial purposes.

Keywords: TMB; cancer; colorimetric biosensing; diabetes; hydrothermal process.

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research work is supported by the Doctoral research fund of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China, awarded to KC. The authors thank researchers supporting Project number (RSP2024R110) King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.