Objectives: Our goal was to determine levels of sex hormones in men with type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus after autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplant.
Materials and methods: We examined 10 male patients (32-56 years old) with type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus, whom we subsequently divided into 2 groups and examined. Group 1 comprised 5 male patients who received autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplant (cells were obtained from patient's iliac crest and cultured for 3-4 weeks) by intravenous infusion. Group 2 comprised 5 male patients (control group) who were on hypoglycemic tablet therapy or insulin therapy. The quantity of autologous mesenchymal stem cells infused was 95 × 106 to 97 × 106 cells. We analyzed levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and glycated hemoglobin in patients both before and 3 months after the autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplant procedure.
Results: In men with type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus, autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplant led to an increase in testosterone levels from 5.31 ± 2.12 to 6.33 ± 2.12 ng/mL (P = .82), a decrease in luteinizing hormone from 8.43 ± 1.25 to 5.94 ± 1.57 mIU/mL (P = .04), and a decrease in glycated hemoglobin from 9.45 ± 1.24% to 8.53 ± 1.08% (P = .25) after 3 months. The increase in testosterone in men with autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplant group of 6.33 ± 2.12 ng/mL was significant compared with men in the control group (3.9 ± 1.18 ng/mL; P = .01).
Conclusions: Testosterone level increased and luteinizing hormone level decreased within 3 months after autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplant in men with diabetes mellitus.