Objectives: Cancer-associated ischemic stroke tends to extend over multiple vascular territories and develops under poor general conditions. Owing to the rarity of such cases and poor prognoses, no comprehensive studies on mechanical thrombectomy for cancer-associated ischemic stroke have been reported in Japan. The present study investigated the radiological and clinical characteristics of mechanical thrombectomy in patients with cancer-associated ischemic stroke at our institution.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 108 patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for large cerebral artery occlusion between January 1, 2021, and October 31, 2022, at our institution. The characteristics of mechanical thrombectomy in the cancer-associated ischemic stroke group were compared with those in the control group.
Results: Of the 108 patients (112 procedures), seven patients (eight procedures) with clinically diagnosed cancer-associated ischemic stroke underwent mechanical thrombectomy. Of the eight procedures, six were performed during hospitalization. In contrast, only 10 of 104 procedures were performed in the control group. The in-hospital onset rate was higher in the cancer-associated ischemic stroke group (75.0%) compared to that in the controls (9.6%); p <0.001. The puncture-to-reperfusion time was significantly longer in the cancer-associated ischemic stroke group in comparison to that in the controls with a median interquartile range of 69 minutes (60.0-82.0 minutes) and 59.5 minutes (44.5-69.3 minutes), respectively (p <0.01). However, the rates of successful recanalization defined as thrombolysis in cerebral infarction ≥2b were not significantly different between the cancer-associated ischemic stroke group and controls with values of 62.5% and 79.8%, respectively (p = 0.250). Of the eight cases in the cancer-associated ischemic stroke group, only one (12.5%) had a good outcome on a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 at discharge, in contrast to 23 of the 104 (23.1%) cases in the controls (p = 0.523). Histopathological examination of six retrieved thrombi in the cancer-associated stroke group using hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that only one case showed an erythrocyte-dominant thrombus while five displayed a fibrinoplatelet-dominant component. Conversely, 65 of 92 retrieved thrombi in the control group were erythrocyte dominant. Cancer was pathologically diagnosed in four of seven patients, all of which were adenocarcinomas.
Conclusion: Cancer-associated ischemic stroke tends to occur during hospitalization. Coagulation disorders associated with cancer, especially adenocarcinoma, may be related to the formation of thrombi with fibrinoplatelet-dominant components, leading to ischemic stroke. The procedural time for mechanical thrombectomy in cancer-associated ischemic stroke tends to be longer.
Keywords: adenocarcinoma; cancer-associated ischemic stroke; histological examination; large cerebral artery occlusion; mechanical thrombectomy.
©2024 The Japanese Society for Neuroendovascular Therapy.