Refractive index sensor based on fano-magnetic toroidal quadrupole resonance enabled by bound state in the continuum in all-dielectric metasurface

Javad Maleki; Davood Fathi

doi:10.1038/s41598-024-54579-8

Refractive index sensor based on fano-magnetic toroidal quadrupole resonance enabled by bound state in the continuum in all-dielectric metasurface

Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 19;14(1):4110. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54579-8.

Authors

Javad Maleki¹, Davood Fathi²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran.
² Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran. d.fathi@modares.ac.ir.

Abstract

For the first time, an all-dielectric metasurface ultra-sensitive refractive index (RI) sensor with very high quality factor (QF) and figure of merit (FOM), with Fano-magnetic toroidal quadrupole (MTQ) resonance enabled by bound state in continuum (BIC) in terahertz (THz) region was designed. Furthermore, the MTQ resonance in the THz due to a distortion of symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum in the designed structure was investigated. Also, to achieve the dark mode, a combination of three methods including (i) breaking the symmetry, (ii) design of complex structures, and (iii) changing the incident angle was utilized. The broken symmetry in the structure caused a new mode to be excited, which is suitable for sensing applications. The designed metasurface was able to sense a wide range of RI in MTQ resonance, where its properties were improved for the value of sensitivity (S) from 217 GHz/RIU to 625 GHz/RIU, for FOM from 197 RIU^-1 to 2.21 × 10⁶ RIU^-1 and for QF from 872 to 5.7 × 10⁶.