Total Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of Lupinifolin and Its Natural Analogues

J Nat Prod. 2024 Apr 26;87(4):1044-1058. doi: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00008. Epub 2024 Feb 19.

Abstract

In this study, lupinifolin (1) and its natural analogues, mundulin (2), minimiorin (3), khonklonginol H (4), flemichin D (5), and eriosemaone A (27), were obtained by chemical synthesis for the first time. Key steps involved an electrocyclization to build the linear pyran rings and a Claisen/Cope rearrangement to install the 8-prenyl substituents. All compounds were assessed for their in vitro antimicrobial activities against clinically relevant human pathogens, including one Gram-negative bacterial strain (E. coli ATCC 25922) and four Gram-positive bacterial strains (S. aureus ATCC 29213, E. faecalis ATCC 29212, MRSA21-5, and VRE ATCC 51299). The result indicated that eriosemaone A (27) was the most potent one against Gram-positive bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentrations in the range of 0.25-0.5 μg/mL. Mechanistic studies indicated that 27 has good membrane-targeting ability to bacterial inner membranes and can bind to phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin in bacterial membranes, thereby disrupting the bacterial cell membranes and causing bacterial death.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / chemical synthesis
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / chemistry
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / pharmacology
  • Flavonoids*
  • Gram-Negative Bacteria / drug effects
  • Gram-Positive Bacteria* / drug effects
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests*
  • Molecular Structure

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • lupinifolin
  • Flavonoids