In Vivo Toxicological Analysis of the ZnFe2O4@poly(t BGE- alt-PA) Nanocomposite: A Study on Fruit Fly

Shaily Chauhan; Seekha Naik; Rohit Kumar; Janne Ruokolainen; Kavindra Kumar Kesari; Monalisa Mishra; Piyush Kumar Gupta

doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c07111

In Vivo Toxicological Analysis of the ZnFe₂O₄@poly(t BGE- alt-PA) Nanocomposite: A Study on Fruit Fly

ACS Omega. 2024 Jan 16;9(6):6549-6555. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07111. eCollection 2024 Feb 13.

Authors

Shaily Chauhan^{1

2}, Seekha Naik³, Rohit Kumar^{1

2}, Janne Ruokolainen⁴, Kavindra Kumar Kesari^{4

5}, Monalisa Mishra³, Piyush Kumar Gupta^{1

2

6}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh , India.
² Centre for Development of Biomaterials, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh , India.
³ Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha , India.
⁴ Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland.
⁵ Research and Development Cell, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab , India.
⁶ Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India.

Abstract

Recently, the use of hybrid nanomaterials (NMs)/nanocomposites has widely increased for the health, energy, and environment sectors due to their improved physicochemical properties and reduced aggregation behavior. However, prior to their use in such sectors, it is mandatory to study their toxicological behavior in detail. In the present study, a ZnFe₂O₄@poly(tBGE-alt-PA) nanocomposite is tested to study its toxicological effects on a fruit fly model. This nanocomposite was synthesized earlier by our group and physicochemically characterized using different techniques. In this study, various neurological, developmental, genotoxic, and morphological tests were carried out to investigate the toxic effects of nanocomposite on Drosophila melanogaster. As a result, an abnormal crawling speed of third instar larvae and a change in the climbing behavior of treated flies were observed, suggesting a neurological disorder in the fruit flies. DAPI and DCFH-DA dyes analyzed the abnormalities in the larva's gut of fruit flies. Furthermore, the deformities were also seen in the wings and eyes of the treated flies. These obtained results suggested that the ZnFe₂O₄@poly(tBGE-alt-PA) nanocomposite is toxic to fruit flies. Moreover, this is essential to analyze the toxicity of this hybrid NM again in a rodent model in the future.