The SquAd derivation: A Square Additive approach to the turbulent Prandtl number

Open Res Eur. 2023 Sep 13:3:43. doi: 10.12688/openreseurope.15367.1. eCollection 2023.

Abstract

Liquid metals have been chosen as primary coolant of innovative nuclear systems under current development. They present a very high thermal conductivity and hence a very low molecular Prandtl number. This feature challenges the modeling of turbulent thermal flows applying the Reynolds analogy. This paper addresses this challenge. A new formula for the turbulent Prandtl number is derived in terms of local variables available from two-equations turbulence models. The derivation is a direct consequence of the expected square additivity of the molecular and flow parameters defining the effective viscosity and the effective conductivity. The formula does not degenerate and leads to a Kays like formulation if approximated. While constrained by the quality of the turbulent viscosity modeling, it has the potential to improve the numerical simulation of turbulent thermal flows.

Keywords: CFD; Kays; Prandtl; turbulence modelling.

Grants and funding

This research was financially supported by the European Union’s Euratom programme under the grant agreement No 945077 (Partitioning And Transmuter Research Initiative in a Collaborative Innovation Action [PATRICIA]). This work has been carried out with the financial contribution of the Sardinia Regional Authorities.