[Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and risk of ketoacidosis]

Lakartidningen. 2024 Feb 13:121:23098.
[Article in Swedish]

Abstract

SGLT2i can induce euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (eDKA) in conditions with relative insulin deficiency, such as infections, surgery, or fasting state. In comparison with classical DKA, eDKA typically presents with lower blood glucose levels and more diffuse symptoms like tiredness, tachypnea, nausea and abdominal pain. The diagnosis is commonly delayed, and signs are often attributed to other factors. Early diagnosis and prevention are critical due to the risk of lethal outcome or prolonged hospital stay. Generous screening for ketonemia in risk situations allows identification of eDKA. To minimize the risk, we propose that SGLT2i should be discontinued 3-4 days before surgery (1-2 weeks prior to bariatric surgery) and during infections, acute disease, or poor oral intake. Postoperative slow infusion of low-dose insulin may prevent eDKA if SGLT2i could not be stopped in time or in prolonged fasting state. In this overview, the pathogenesis behind eDKA is discussed.

Publication types

  • English Abstract

MeSH terms

  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / complications
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / drug therapy
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis* / chemically induced
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis* / diagnosis
  • Humans
  • Insulin / therapeutic use
  • Length of Stay
  • Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors* / adverse effects
  • Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors* / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Insulin
  • Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors