Data-Driven, Generalizable Prediction of Adolescent Sleep Disturbances in the Multisite ABCD Study

Katherine L McCurry; Katherine Toda-Thorne; Aman Taxali; Mike Angstadt; Felicia A Hardi; Mary M Heitzeg; Chandra Sripada

doi:10.1093/sleep/zsae048

Data-Driven, Generalizable Prediction of Adolescent Sleep Disturbances in the Multisite ABCD Study

Sleep. 2024 Feb 16:zsae048. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsae048. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Katherine L McCurry¹, Katherine Toda-Thorne¹, Aman Taxali¹, Mike Angstadt¹, Felicia A Hardi², Mary M Heitzeg¹, Chandra Sripada¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
² Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

PMID: 38366843
DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae048

Abstract

Study objectives: Sleep disturbances are common in adolescence and associated with a host of negative outcomes. Here we assess associations between multifaceted sleep disturbances and a broad set of psychological, cognitive, and demographic variables using a data-driven approach, canonical correlation analysis (CCA).

Methods: Baseline data from 9,093 participants from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ (ABCD) Study were examined using CCA, a multivariate statistical approach that identifies many-to-many associations between two sets of variables by finding combinations for each set of variables that maximize their correlation. We combined CCA with leave-one-site-out cross-validation across ABCD sites to examine the robustness of results and generalizability to new participants. The statistical significance of canonical correlations was determined by non-parametric permutation tests that accounted for twin, family, and site structure. To assess the stability of the associations identified at baseline, CCA was repeated using two-year follow-up data from 4,247 ABCD Study participants.

Results: Two significant sets of associations were identified: 1) difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep and excessive daytime somnolence were strongly linked to nearly all domains of psychopathology (r-squared = 0.36, p < .0001); 2) sleep breathing disorders were linked to BMI and African American/Black race (r-squared = 0.08, p < .0001). These associations generalized to unseen participants at all 22 ABCD sites and were replicated using two-year follow-up data.

Conclusions: These findings underscore interwoven links between sleep disturbances in early adolescence and psychological, social, and demographic factors.

Keywords: Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study; adolescence; body mass index; canonical correlation analysis; psychopathology; sleep; sleep-disordered breathing.