Lipid Management in Kidney Transplant Recipients Per KDIGO and American Heart Association Guidelines: A Single-Center Experience

Ziad Arabi; Mohammed Tawhari; Abdullah Ashour Alghamdi; Ahmad Alnasrullah

doi:10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_95_23

Lipid Management in Kidney Transplant Recipients Per KDIGO and American Heart Association Guidelines: A Single-Center Experience

Saudi J Med Med Sci. 2024 Jan-Mar;12(1):47-53. doi: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_95_23. Epub 2024 Jan 15.

Authors

Ziad Arabi^{1

2

3}, Mohammed Tawhari^{1

2

3}, Abdullah Ashour Alghamdi^{1

2

3}, Ahmad Alnasrullah^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
² College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
³ King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Background: The 2013 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines recommends statin treatment for all adult kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), except those aged <30 years of age and without prior cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), but does not specify on-treatment low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) target levels. The 2018 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines addressed the management of hyperlipidemia in the general population based on an individualized approach of the CVRF with a specific on-treatment LDL target.

Objective: To analyze dyslipidemia management according to the recommendations of the KDIGO and AHA guidelines.

Methods: This retrospective study included all KTRs who underwent transplantation between January 2017 and May 2020 at King Abdulaziz Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The rate of statins prescription in general, rate of statins prescription among KTRs per their CVRF, and rate of achieving the proposed LDL goals, as defined by the AHA, were analyzed.

Results: A total of 287 KTRs were included. Of the 214 (74.6%) patients aged ≥30 years, 80% received a statin. Statins were prescribed in 93% and 96% of KTRs with diabetes or coronary artery disease, respectively. In patients aged ≥30 years, LDL targets, per AHA guidelines, were achieved in 62% with a target of 2.6 mmol/l, and in 19% with a target of 1.8 mmol/l. Statin therapy resulted in non-significant changes in the mean LDL values from baseline to 12 months after transplantation (P = 0.607), even when only patients prescribed statin after transplantation were included (P = 0.34).

Conclusion: By applying the KDIGO guidelines, a high rate of statin prescriptions was achieved among KTRs with multiple CVRF and KTRs in general. However, a significant proportion of these KTRs did not achieve the LDL targets proposed by the AHA guidelines, suggesting that higher-intensity statins would be required to achieve these targets.

Keywords: American Heart Association; Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes; cardiovascular risk factors; dyslipidemia; guidelines; kidney transplantation; statins.