Lymphangiogenesis in Rheumatic Heart Valve Disease: A New Factor in the Pathogenic Conundrum

Affiliations

• ¹ The Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (A.L., L.S.A.P., E.A.).
• ² Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.L., L.S.A.P., R.A.L., E.A.).
• ³ Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (R.A.L.).
• ⁴ Department of Pediatrics and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (V.N.).
• ⁵ Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (E.A.).