Association of insertion /deletion polymorphism of ace gene with essential hypertension in patients of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Abdur Razaq; Ayesha Khan; Syed Tahir Shah; Sana Ullah

doi:10.12669/pjms.40.3.7354

Association of insertion /deletion polymorphism of ace gene with essential hypertension in patients of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Pak J Med Sci. 2024 Jan-Feb;40(3Part-II):461-466. doi: 10.12669/pjms.40.3.7354.

Authors

Abdur Razaq¹, Ayesha Khan², Syed Tahir Shah³, Sana Ullah⁴

Affiliations

¹ Abdur Razaq, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
² Ayesha Khan, Department of Medicine, Combined, Military Hospital Nowshera, Nowshera, Pakistan.
³ Syed Tahir Shah, Cardiology Department, Kuwait Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan.
⁴ Sana Ullah, Cardiology Department, Kuwait Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan.

Abstract

Objective &background: The exact cause of hypertension is unknown in about 90 to 95% patients, known as essential hypertension. Genes may play a crucial role in the pathology of essential hypertension. Gene for angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is found on long arm of chromosome 17q23, where 287 base pair insertion or deletion (I/D) polymorphism may occur. This study was aimed to assess the association of I/D polymorphism of ACE gene with blood pressure (BP) in Patients of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK).

Methods: This Descriptive Cross-sectional study was conducted from 1^st June 2021 to 30^th September 2021 at Kuwait Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. The genomic DNA was extracted from lymphocytes and PCR was performed for identification of ACE I/D polymorphism.

Results: Total 181 individuals (121 Hypertensive and 60 normal) were enrolled in the study. The measured systolic and diastolic BP in cases were 153.91mmHg±12.65 and 92.94mmHg±5.72, respectively while in control were 118.20±17.13 and 74.12mmHg±7.58, respectively. The Deletion Homozygous (DD), Insertion Homozygous (II) and Deletion and Insertion Heterozygous (DI) genotypes in hypertensive patients were 47 (38.84%), 17 (14.04%) and 57 (47.10%) respectively while in Control group the DD, II and DI were 4 (6.66%), 25 (41.66%) and 31 (51.66%) respectively. This study showed association of DD genotypes of the ACE gene with hypertension as compared to healthy individuals.

Conclusion: Individuals with DD genotype may have association with hypertension. polymorphism of ACE gene was proved to be an important genetic marker for essential hypertension in Patients of KPK.

Keywords: ACE gene; Deletion; Hypertension; Insertion.