Emergency department management of North American snake envenomations

Emerg Med Pract. 2024 Feb 15;26(Suppl 2):1-44.

Abstract

There are approximately 10,000 emergency department visits in the United States for snakebites every year, and one-third of those involve venomous species. Venomous North American indigenous snakes include species from the Crotalinae (pit vipers) and Elapidae (coral snakes) subfamilies. Treatment relies on supportive care, plus antivenom for select cases. While certain principles of management are widely accepted, controversies exist with regard to prehospital use of pressure immobilization, antivenom use, coagulation testing after copperhead envenomation, and fasciotomy. An evidence-based approach to management of North American venomous snakebites will be discussed, along with a review of the current controversies.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antivenins / therapeutic use
  • Emergency Service, Hospital
  • Humans
  • North America / epidemiology
  • Snake Bites* / diagnosis
  • Snake Bites* / therapy
  • United States / epidemiology

Substances

  • Antivenins