Unveiling the impact of Aging on BBB and Alzheimer's disease: Factors and Therapeutic implications

Niraj Kumar Jha; Vinod Kumar Nelson; Mohana Vamsi Nuli; Sandeep Kanna; Reema M Gahtani; Umme Hani; Arun Kumar Singh; Saurabh Gupta; Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid; Ali M Abomughayedh; Abdulmajeed G Almutary; Danish Iqbal; Ayoub Al Othaim; S Sabarunisha Begum; Fuzail Ahmad; Prabhu Chandra Mishra; Saurabh Kumar Jha; Shreesh Ojha

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2024.102224

Unveiling the impact of Aging on BBB and Alzheimer's disease: Factors and Therapeutic implications

Ageing Res Rev. 2024 Feb 10:102224. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102224. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Niraj Kumar Jha¹, Vinod Kumar Nelson², Mohana Vamsi Nuli², Sandeep Kanna³, Reema M Gahtani⁴, Umme Hani⁵, Arun Kumar Singh⁶, Saurabh Gupta⁷, Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid⁸, Ali M Abomughayedh⁹, Abdulmajeed G Almutary¹⁰, Danish Iqbal¹¹, Ayoub Al Othaim¹², S Sabarunisha Begum¹³, Fuzail Ahmad¹⁴, Prabhu Chandra Mishra¹⁵, Saurabh Kumar Jha¹⁶, Shreesh Ojha¹⁷

Affiliations

¹ Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outreach, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India. Electronic address: nirajkumarjha2011@gmail.com.
² Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India.
³ Department of pharmaceutics, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Guntur-522034, India.
⁴ Departement of clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology BHU,Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
⁷ Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh.
⁸ Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Pharmacy Department, Aseer Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁰ Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates.
¹¹ Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia.
¹² Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.
¹³ Department of Biotechnology, P.S.R. Engineering College, Sivakasi, 626140, India.
¹⁴ College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Diriya, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁵ Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India.
¹⁶ Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, India.
¹⁷ Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates.

PMID: 38346505
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102224

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative condition that has devastating effects on individuals, often resulting in dementia. AD is primarily defined by the presence of extracellular plaques containing insoluble β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (P-tau). In addition, individuals afflicted by these age-related illnesses experience a diminished state of health, which places significant financial strain on their loved ones. Several risk factors play a significant role in the development of AD. These factors include genetics, diet, smoking, certain diseases (such as cerebrovascular diseases, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia), age, and alcohol consumption. Age-related factors are key contributors to the development of vascular-based neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. In general, the process of aging can lead to changes in the immune system's responses and can also initiate inflammation in the brain. The chronic inflammation and the inflammatory mediators found in the brain play a crucial role in the dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, maintaining BBB integrity is of utmost importance in preventing a wide range of neurological disorders. Therefore, in this review, we discussed the role of age and its related factors in the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and the development of AD. We also discussed the importance of different compounds, such as those with anti-aging properties, and other compounds that can help maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in the prevention of AD. This review builds a strong correlation between age-related factors, degradation of the BBB, and its impact on AD.

Keywords: Aging; Alzheimer’s disease (AD); Anti-aging compounds; BBB components; BBB dysfunction; BBB integrity restoring compounds; inflammation; inhibits AD progression.

Publication types

Review