Neuromodulation techniques - From non-invasive brain stimulation to deep brain stimulation

Benjamin Davidson; Amitabh Bhattacharya; Can Sarica; Ghazaleh Darmani; Nasem Raies; Robert Chen; Andres M Lozano

doi:10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00330

Neuromodulation techniques - From non-invasive brain stimulation to deep brain stimulation

Neurotherapeutics. 2024 Feb 9;21(3):e00330. doi: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00330. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Benjamin Davidson¹, Amitabh Bhattacharya², Can Sarica³, Ghazaleh Darmani², Nasem Raies², Robert Chen⁴, Andres M Lozano⁵

Affiliations

¹ Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
² Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
³ Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁴ Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁵ Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: lozano@uhnresearch.ca.

PMID: 38340524
DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00330

Abstract

Over the past 30 years, the field of neuromodulation has witnessed remarkable advancements. These developments encompass a spectrum of techniques, both non-invasive and invasive, that possess the ability to both probe and influence the central nervous system. In many cases neuromodulation therapies have been adopted into standard care treatments. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) are the most common non-invasive methods in use today. Deep brain stimulation (DBS), spinal cord stimulation (SCS), and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), are leading surgical methods for neuromodulation. Ongoing active clinical trials using are uncovering novel applications and paradigms for these interventions.

Keywords: Deep brain stimulation; Spinal cord stimulation; Transcranial alternating current stimulation; Transcranial direct current stimulation; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Vagus nerve stimulation.

Publication types

Review