Carbon capture, utilization and storage opportunities to mitigate greenhouse gases

Muhammad Imran Rashid; Zahida Yaqoob; M A Mujtaba; M A Kalam; H Fayaz; Atika Qazi

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25419

Carbon capture, utilization and storage opportunities to mitigate greenhouse gases

Heliyon. 2024 Feb 1;10(3):e25419. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25419. eCollection 2024 Feb 15.

Authors

Muhammad Imran Rashid¹, Zahida Yaqoob², M A Mujtaba³, M A Kalam⁴, H Fayaz⁵, Atika Qazi⁶

Affiliations

¹ Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (New Campus), 39021, Pakistan.
² Department of Material Science and Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
³ Department of Mechanical Engineering, UET Lahore (New Campus), Lahore 54890, Pakistan.
⁴ School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FEIT University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
⁵ Modeling Evolutionary Algorithms Simulation and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
⁶ Centre for Lifelong Learning, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam.

Abstract

Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technologies are utmost need of the modern era. CCUS technologies adoption is compulsory to keep global warming below 1.5 °C. Mineral carbonation (MC) is considered one of the safest and most viable methods to sequester anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO₂). MC is an exothermic reaction and occur naturally in the subsurface because of fluid-rock interactions with serpentinite. In serpentine carbonation, CO₂ reacts with magnesium to produce carbonates. This article covers CO₂ mitigation technologies especially mineral carbonation, mineral carbonation by natural and industrial materials, mineral carbonation feedstock availability in Pakistan, detailed characterization of serpentine from Skardu serpentinite belt, geo sequestration, oceanic sequestration, CO₂ to urea and CO₂ to methanol and other chemicals. Advantages, disadvantages, and suitability of these technologies is discussed. These technologies are utmost necessary for Pakistan as recent climate change induced flooding devastated one third of Pakistan affecting millions of families. Hence, Pakistan must store CO₂ through various CCUS technologies.

Keywords: CCUS opportunities; CO2 mitigation technologies; Climate change induced flooding; Mineral carbonation; Shiger serpentinite belt.

Publication types

Review