Activation of Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption Rate by Delivering Coenzyme Q10 to Mitochondria of Rat Skeletal Muscle Cell (L6)

Abstract

Numerous mitochondria are present in skeletal muscle cells. Muscle disease and aging impair mitochondrial functioning in the skeletal muscle. However, there have been few reports of therapeutic intervention via drug delivery to mitochondria owing to methodological difficulties. We surmised that mitochondrial activation is associated with improved skeletal muscle function. In this study, we attempted to activate the mitochondrial respiratory capacity in rat skeletal muscle cells (L6 cells) by delivering Coenzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀), a mitochondrial functional activator, to mitochondria using MITO-Porter, a nanoparticle that facilitates mitochondria-targeted drug delivery. Cellular uptake was confirmed by measuring the amount of fluorescence-modified MITO-Porter taken up by cells using flow cytometry. Intracellular dynamics of MITO-Porter was observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Mitochondrial function was assessed by measuring the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate using an extracellular flux analyzer. The results indicated MITO-Porter-assisted delivery of CoQ₁₀ to the mitochondria activated mitochondrial respiratory capacity in L6 cells. We believe that our results indicate the possibility of skeletal muscle therapy using mitochondrial drug delivery.

Keywords: Drug delivery system; Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP); Liposome; Microfluidics; Muscle; Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology.