Low-Voltage Myocardium Ablation Trial of Persistent AFWe investigated ablation approaches in 324 patients with persistent AF by comparing ablation with PVI alone and PVI plus individualized SM. Patients had electrocardiogram recordings over 12 months of observation. Recurrent AF was documented in 50% of PVI only and 35% of PVI+SM patients. AEs occurred in six PVI+SM versus three PVI-alone patients.