Are there differences in anaerobic relative muscle power between upper and lower limbs in adolescent swimmers: A blinded study

Paulo Francisco de Almeida-Neto; Adam Baxter-Jones; Jason Azevedo de Medeiros; Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas; Breno Guilherme de Araújo Tinôco Cabral

doi:10.1016/j.smhs.2023.09.005

Are there differences in anaerobic relative muscle power between upper and lower limbs in adolescent swimmers: A blinded study

Sports Med Health Sci. 2023 Sep 11;5(4):290-298. doi: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.09.005. eCollection 2023 Dec.

Authors

Paulo Francisco de Almeida-Neto^{1

2}, Adam Baxter-Jones³, Jason Azevedo de Medeiros^{1

2}, Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas^{1

2}, Breno Guilherme de Araújo Tinôco Cabral^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil.
² Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil.
³ College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B2, Canada.

Abstract

Success in speed swimming depends on the efficiency of the anaerobic system for the production of cellular energy, especially during muscle power production. In the adolescent athletes much is unknown with regards to the relationships between relative power of upper and lower limbs with speed swimming performance. The aim the present study was to identify differences in relative muscle power of upper and lower limbs in adolescent swimmers and relate these to speed swimming performances. Sixty adolescents, of both sexes (50% female, 50% male, 30 swimmers and 30 controls), were recruited. The relative upper limb power (ULP_[W/kg]) was assessed by a medicine ball test and the relative lower limbs power (LLP_[W/kg]) by a jump test on a jumping platform. Lean mass of the upper and lower limbs was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (g). Sport performance was assessed during national level competition (50-m swimming time [in seconds]). Biological maturation (BM) was indexed by years from attainment of peak height velocity. ULP_(W/kg) was higher than LLP_(W/kg) in both groups (p < 0.05). Upper and lower limb lean mass (g) correlated significantly with ULP_(W/kg) and LLP_(W/kg) in both groups (p < 0.05). ULP_(W/kg) and LLP_(W/kg) correlated with 50-m swimming performance (s), in both sexes (p < 0.05). Advanced BM was associated with ULP_(W/kg) and LLP_(W/kg) in both groups (p < 0.05), and with 50-m swimming performance (s) in both sexes (p < 0.05). We concluded that ULP_(W/kg) is higher than LLP _(W/kg) in adolescent swimmers. Upper and lower limb lean mass and BM were both positively associated with increased ULP _(W/kg) and LLP _(W/kg).

Keywords: Biological maturation; Performance; Sport; Swimming.