Development and validation of a QuEChERS-HPLC-DAD method using polymer-functionalized melamine sponges for the analysis of antipsychotic drugs in milk

Food Chem. 2024 Jun 30:444:138553. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138553. Epub 2024 Jan 26.

Abstract

The prohibition of antipsychotic drugs in animal foodstuffs has raised significant concerns. In this study, a novel matrix purification adsorbent comprising a polymer (polyaniline and polypyrrole)-functionalized melamine sponge (Ms) was employed for the high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) detection of three phenothiazines (chlorpromazine, thioridazine, and promethazine), and a tricyclic imipramine in milk. The as-prepared functionalized Ms was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and water contact angle measurements. Excellent linearity with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.999 was achieved for all drugs within the concentration range of 0.01-47.00 μg mL-1. The recoveries of the four analytes ranged from 92.1 % to 106.9 % at the three spiked levels. These results demonstrate the successful application of the proposed method for the determination of the four drugs. Cost-effective polymer-functionalized Ms is a viable alternative for matrix purification, enabling rapid determination of drug residues in diverse food samples.

Keywords: Antipsychotic drugs; Melamine sponges; Polyaniline; Polypyrrole; QuEChERS.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antipsychotic Agents*
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / methods
  • Milk* / chemistry
  • Polymers / chemistry
  • Pyrroles / analysis
  • Solid Phase Extraction / methods
  • Triazines*

Substances

  • Antipsychotic Agents
  • melamine
  • Polymers
  • Pyrroles
  • Triazines