Discovery of Orally Bioavailable FmlH Lectin Antagonists as Treatment for Urinary Tract Infections

J Med Chem. 2024 Mar 14;67(5):3668-3678. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02128. Epub 2024 Feb 3.

Abstract

FmlH, a bacterial adhesin of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), has been shown to provide a fitness advantage in colonizing the bladder during chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs). Previously reported ortho-biphenyl glycosides based on βGal and βGalNAc have excellent binding affinity to FmlH and potently block binding to its natural carbohydrate receptor, but they lack oral bioavailability. In this paper, we outline studies where we have optimized compounds for improved pharmacokinetics, leading to the discovery of novel analogues with good oral bioavailability. We synthesized galactosides with the anomeric O-linker replaced with more stable S- and C-linked linkers. We also investigated modifications to the GalNAc sugar and modifications to the biphenyl aglycone. We identified GalNAc 69 with an IC50 of 0.19 μM against FmlH and 53% oral bioavailability in mice. We also obtained a FimlH-bound X-ray structure of lead compound 69 (AM4085) which has potential as a new antivirulence therapeutic for UTIs.

MeSH terms

  • Adhesins, Escherichia coli / chemistry
  • Animals
  • Biphenyl Compounds / chemistry
  • Escherichia coli Infections* / drug therapy
  • Lectins
  • Mice
  • Urinary Tract Infections* / drug therapy
  • Uropathogenic Escherichia coli* / metabolism

Substances

  • diphenyl
  • Lectins
  • Adhesins, Escherichia coli
  • Biphenyl Compounds