The saponin-enriched extract from Celosiae Semen is a promising resource owing to its lipid-lowering activity. However, triterpenoid saponins are difficult to extract owing to their high molecular weight and strong water solubility. The aim of this paper was to explore an eco-friendly and effective technology of extraction and enrichment of total triterpenoid saponins to obtain high lipid-lowering fractions. Initially, Box-Behnken design experiments were employed to optimize the heat reflux extraction process on the basic of mono-factor experiments. Afterwards, the crude extract was further purified using D-101 resin, and the purification parameters were investigated based on adsorption/desorption experiments and biological activity assay. Under optimal conditions, the purity of the finally obtained total triterpenoid saponins was increased by 7.28-fold. The lipid-lowering activities of the six main triterpenoid saponins were evaluated in HepG2 cells induced by palmitic acid. The results of Oil Red O staining showed that the compounds all exhibited potential lipid-lowering activity. The structure-activity relationship analysis suggested that the oligosaccharide chain at C-28 played an essential role in their lipid-lowering activity and the substituent group at C-23 site also showed important effects. The optimal extraction and purification methods may facilitate the utilization of Celosiae Semen for the industrial production as a functional food and drug.
Keywords: Celosiae Semen; lipid‐lowering activity; macroporous adsorption resin; response surface methodology; triterpenoid saponins.
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