Objectives: Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a stroke of the retina potentially amenable to intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). We aimed to determine feasibility of an emergency treatment protocol and risk profile of IVT for CRAO in a comprehensive stroke center (CSC).
Methods: We performed a retrospective, observational cohort study including patients with acute CRAO admitted to a CSC over 4 years. Patients are offered IVT if they present with acute vision loss of ≤ 20/200 in the affected eye, have no other cause of vision loss (incorporating a dilated ophthalmologic exam), and meet criteria akin to acute ischemic stroke. We collected socio-demographic data, triage data, time from onset to presentation, IVT candidacy, and rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH)- or extracranial hemorrhage.
Results: 36 patients presented within the study period, mean (standard deviation (SD)) age of 70.7 (10), 52 % female, and median time (Q1, Q3) to ED presentation of 13.5 (4.3, 18.8) h. Patients within 4.5 h from onset presented more commonly directly to our ED (66.6 % vs 37.1 %, p = 0.1). Nine patients (25 %) presented within the 4.5 h window. Of those eligible, 7 (77 %) received IVT. There were no events of intracranial or extracranial hemorrhage.
Conclusions: Our study confirmed that IVT for acute CRAO is feasible. We found a high rate of treatment with IVT of those eligible. However, because 75 % of patients presented outside the treatment window, continued educational efforts are needed to improve rapid triage to emergency departments to facilitate evaluation for possible candidacy with IVT.
Keywords: Central retinal artery occlusion; Ischemic stroke; Treatment; thrombolysis.
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