Carnobacterium maltaromaticum as bioprotective culture against spoilage bacteria in ground meat and cooked ham

Abstract

This study assessed the bioprotective effect of Carnobacterium maltaromaticum (CM) against Pseudomonas fluorescens (PF) and Brochothrix thermosphacta (BT) in ground beef and sliced cooked ham stored in high- and low-oxygen-modified atmospheres (66/4/30% O₂/N₂/CO₂ and 70/30% N₂/CO_2, respectively). Both meat products were inoculated with CM, PF, and BT individually or in combination and stored for 7 days (3 days at 4 °C + 4 days at 8 °C) for ground beef and 28 days (10 days at 4 °C + 18 days at 8 °C) for sliced cooked ham. Each food matrix was assigned to 6 treatments: NC (no bacterial inoculation, representing the indigenous bacteria of meat), CM, BT, PF, CM + BT, and CM + PF. Bacterial growth, pH, instrumental color, and headspace gas composition were assessed during storage. CM counts remained stable from inoculation and throughout the shelf-life. CM reduced the population of inoculated and indigenous spoilage bacteria, including BT, PF, and enterobacteria, and showed a negligible impact on the physicochemical quality parameters of the products. Furthermore, upon simulating the shelf-life of ground beef and cooked ham, a remarkable extension could be observed with CM. Therefore, CM could be exploited as a biopreservative in meat products to enhance quality and shelf-life.

Keywords: Food preservation; Health; Lactic acid bacteria; Meat; Shelf life; Spoilage.