Lidocaine constant rate infusion in isoflurane anesthetized neonatal foals

Carlotta Lambertini; Francesca Spaccini; Alessia Mazzanti; Alessandro Spadari; Aliai Lanci; Noemi Romagnoli

doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1304868

Lidocaine constant rate infusion in isoflurane anesthetized neonatal foals

Front Vet Sci. 2024 Jan 17:10:1304868. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1304868. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Carlotta Lambertini¹, Francesca Spaccini¹, Alessia Mazzanti², Alessandro Spadari¹, Aliai Lanci¹, Noemi Romagnoli¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
² Private Practitioner, Bologna, Italy.

Abstract

Introduction: In horses, lidocaine infusion is administered intraoperatively for analgesia and for a reduction of inhalant anaesthetic requirement. The objective of the study was to describe the anaesthetic effects of lidocaine infusion in isoflurane anaesthetised foals.

Methods: Twelve foals (<3 weeks old) undergoing surgery were included in the study (LIDO group). Foals were premedicated with midazolam and butorphanol IV, anaesthesia was induced with ketamine and propofol IV and maintained with isoflurane. Lidocaine was administered intraoperatively at 0.05 mg/kg/min. Also, the anaesthetic records of 11 foals in which lidocaine was not administered intraoperatively were retrospectively evaluated and they were considered as a historical control group (HC). Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and fraction of expired isoflurane were monitored continuously. Time of extubation, time to reach sternal recumbency and standing were recorded. The quality of recovery was assessed.

Results: HR decreased in both groups compared with baseline values and intraoperatively the differences were statistically significant (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03 respectively in the LIDO and HC groups). Intraoperatively the HR was significantly lower in the LIDO group (71.2 ± 13.4 bpm) compared with the HC group (87.1 ± 17.7 bpm) (p = 0.0236). The number of foals requiring inotropic support (LIDO n = 7 and HC n = 9) was not statistically associated with the treatment group (p = 0.371). The extubation time, the time to reach the sternal recumbency and the quality of recovery did not differ significantly between the two groups (p = 0.7 and p = 0.6 respectively).

Discussion: In conclusion, in anaesthetised foals the addition of lidocaine does not provide a sparing effect on isoflurane requirement, and it does not interfere with the quality of recovery, however it decreases significantly the HR, which is pivotal in foals for the maintenance of cardiac output and peripheral perfusion. Therefore, a continuous patient monitoring is essential.

Keywords: analgesia; anesthesia; constant rate infusion; horses; lidocaine; partial intravenous anesthesia; sparing effect.

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The research was supported by a Ricerca Fondamentale Orientata (RFO) grant from the University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.