Objective: To analyze the diagnosis and surgical treatment of high-risk anomalous aortic origin of coronary artery (AAOCA). Methods: This is a retrospective case series study. From January 2016 to July 2023, 24 cases of high-risk AAOCA underwent surgical treatment in Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital. There were 18 males and 6 females, operatively aged (M (IQR)) 13 (26) years (range: 0.3 to 57.0 years). They were confirmed by cardiac ultrasound and cardiac CT, all of which had anomalous coronary running between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. There were 15 cases of the right coronary artery from the left aortic sinus of Valsalva, 6 cases of left coronary artery from the right aortic sinus of Valsalva, 3 cases of the sigle coronary artery. Only 3 patients had no obvious related symptoms (2 cases were complicated with a positive exercise stress test and 1 case with other intracardiac malformations), 21 cases had a history of chest tightness, chest pain, or syncope after exercise. Three patients suffered syncope after exercise and underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (2 cases were treated with an extracorporeal membrane oxygenerator (ECMO)). The gap from the first symptom to the diagnosis was 4.0 (11.5) months (range: 0.2 to 84.0 months). The detection rate of coronary artery abnormalities suggested by the first cardiac ultrasound was only 37.5% (9/24). Seven patients were complicated with other cardiac diseases (4 cases with congenital heart defects, 2 cases with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, 1 case with mitral valve disease). Results: All 24 patients underwent surgical treatment (23 cases underwent abnormal coronary artery unroofing, 1 case underwent coronary artery bypass grafting), and 5 patients underwent other intracardiac malformation correction at the same time. There were no death or surgery related complications in the hospital for 30 days after the operation. A patient with preoperative extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation was continuously assisted by ECMO after emergency AAOCA correction and had complications such as limb ischemia necrosis and renal dysfunction after the operation. During the follow-up of 2.2 (3.3) years (range: 1 month to 7.2 years), one patient who previously underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with a stent implant experienced significant postoperative symptomatic relief, and the other discharged patients had no related symptoms. Conclusions: The accurate rate of initial diagnosis for high-risk AAOCA is still low, but the risk of cardiovascular accidents is high. For sports-related chest pain and other symptoms, more attention should be paid to the detection of AAOCA, especially for adolescents. Exercise stress testing can be helpful in evaluating the cardiovascular risk of asymptomatic AAOCA. Instant surgical treatment can achieve satisfactory curative effects.
目的： 探讨高危冠状动脉异常主动脉起源（AAOCA）的诊断和治疗经验。 方法： 本研究为回顾性病例系列研究。回顾性分析2016年1月至2023年7月在广东省人民医院心外科接受外科手术的24例高危AAOCA患者的临床资料。男性18例，女性6例，手术时年龄［M（IQR）］13（26）岁（范围：0.3~57.0岁）。超声心动图和心脏CT检查确诊AAOCA，均走行于主动脉与肺动脉之间且合并狭窄。右冠状动脉起自左冠状窦15例，左冠状动脉起自右冠状窦6例，单一冠状动脉畸形3例。3例患者无明显相关症状，其中2例运动负荷试验阳性；21例患者有反复运动后胸闷、胸痛、晕厥等病史，其中3例患者出现运动后晕厥进行了心肺复苏。首次超声心动图提示冠状动脉异常的发现率为37.5%（9/24）。 结果： 24例患者均完成手术治疗，包括异常冠状动脉去顶手术23例，冠状动脉旁路移植术1例，其中5例患者同期完成其他心内畸形矫治手术。单纯AAOCA手术患者术中心肺转流时间（111.6±60.6）min（范围：62~213 min），主动脉阻断时间（57.6±25.3）min（范围：35~129 min）。术后院内30 d无死亡，无手术相关合并症。1例术前体外膜肺氧合持续辅助急诊手术患者术后出现肢端缺血坏死、肾功能不全等并发症。随访2.2（3.3）年（范围：1个月至7.2年），1例既往诊断冠心病行介入治疗患者术后症状明显减轻，其他出院患者无任何相关症状。 结论： 高危AAOCA的超声心动图初诊确诊率仍然较低，但心血管意外风险很高。对于运动相关的胸痛等症状应注意排查AAOCA，尤其是青少年。运动负荷试验可以有助于评估无症状AAOCA的心血管风险。外科手术治疗可获得满意的效果。.