Tailoring of an anti-diabetic drug empagliflozin onto zinc oxide nanoparticles: characterization and in vitro evaluation of anti-hyperglycemic potential

Sci Rep. 2024 Jan 30;14(1):2499. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52523-4.

Abstract

Diabetes is a serious health issue that can be a great risk factor related to numerous physical problems. A class of drugs "Gliflozin" especially Sodium Glucose Co. Transporter 2 was inhibited by a novel drug, which is known as "empagliflozin". While ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) had considerable promise for combating diabetes, it was employed in the treatment and management of type-2 diabetes mellitus. The new drug empagliflozin was initially incorporated into Zinc Oxide NPs in this study using the surface physio-sorption technique, and the degree of drug adsorption was assessed using the HPLC method. The tailored product was characterized by using the FTIR, EDX, Ultraviolet-Visible, XRD and SEM techniques. With an average particle size of 17 nm, SEM revealed mono-dispersion of NPs and sphere-like form. The Freundlich isotherm model best fits and explains the data for the physio-sorption investigation, which examined adsorption capabilities using adsorption isotherms. The enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase, which are involved in the human metabolism of carbohydrates, were used in the in-vitro anti-diabetic assays. It was discovered that the composite showed the highest levels of 81.72 and 92.77% inhibition of -α-amylase and -glucosidase at an absolute concentration of 1000 μg per ml with IC50 values of 30.6 μg per ml and 72 μg per ml.

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Benzhydryl Compounds*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / drug therapy
  • Glucosides*
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / pharmacology
  • Metal Nanoparticles*
  • Nanoparticles*
  • Plant Extracts
  • Zinc Oxide* / pharmacology
  • alpha-Amylases

Substances

  • Zinc Oxide
  • empagliflozin
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • alpha-Amylases
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Plant Extracts
  • Benzhydryl Compounds
  • Glucosides