Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated at a General Hospital in Vietnam Between 2014 and 2021

Nguyen Van An; Le Ha Long Hai; Vu Huy Luong; Nguyen Thi Ha Vinh; Pham Quynh Hoa; Le Van Hung; Nguyen Thai Son; Le Thu Hong; Dinh Viet Hung; Hoang Trung Kien; Minh Nhat Le; Nguyen Hoang Viet; Duc Hoang Nguyen; Ngai Van Pham; Ta Ba Thang; Tran Viet Tien; Le Huy Hoang

doi:10.2147/IDR.S437920

Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated at a General Hospital in Vietnam Between 2014 and 2021

Infect Drug Resist. 2024 Jan 24:17:259-273. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S437920. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Nguyen Van An^#¹, Le Ha Long Hai^#^{2

3}, Vu Huy Luong^{4

5}, Nguyen Thi Ha Vinh^{5

6}, Pham Quynh Hoa⁷, Le Van Hung^{5

7}, Nguyen Thai Son¹, Le Thu Hong¹, Dinh Viet Hung⁸, Hoang Trung Kien⁹, Minh Nhat Le^{10

11}, Nguyen Hoang Viet¹², Duc Hoang Nguyen¹³, Ngai Van Pham¹⁴, Ta Ba Thang¹⁵, Tran Viet Tien¹⁶, Le Huy Hoang¹⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Microbiology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
² Department of Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
³ Department of Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
⁴ Department of Laser and Skin Care, National hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
⁵ Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
⁶ Department of General Planning, National hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
⁷ Department of Microbiology, Mycology and Parasitology, National hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
⁸ Department of Psychiatry, Military Medical 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
⁹ Department of Immunology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
¹⁰ Tay Nguyen Institute of Science Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam.
¹¹ Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo, Japan.
¹² Molecular Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Technology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
¹³ Cardiovascular Laboratories, Methodist Hospital, Merrillville, Indiana, USA.
¹⁴ Medical Testing Center, Medlatec Group, Hanoi, Vietnam.
¹⁵ Respiratory Center, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
¹⁶ Department of Infectious diseases, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Medical Military University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
¹⁷ Department of Bacteriology, National of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Purpose: Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal bacteria species that can cause various illnesses, from mild skin infections to severe diseases, such as bacteremia. The distribution and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern of S. aureus varies by population, time, geographic location, and hospital wards. In this study, we elucidated the epidemiology and AMR patterns of S. aureus isolated from a general hospital in Vietnam.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data on all S. aureus infections from 2014 to 2021 were collected from the Microbiology department of Military Hospital 103, Vietnam. Only the first isolation from each kind of specimen from a particular patient was analyzed using the Cochran-Armitage and chi-square tests.

Results: A total of 1130 individuals were diagnosed as S. aureus infection. Among them, 1087 strains were tested for AMR features. Most patients with S. aureus infection were in the age group of 41-65 years (39.82%). S. aureus isolates were predominant in the surgery wards, and pus specimens were the most common source of isolates (50.62%). S. aureus was most resistant to azithromycin (82.28%), erythromycin (82.82%), and clindamycin (82.32%) and least resistant to teicoplanin (0.0%), tigecycline (0.16%), quinupristin-dalfopristin (0.43%), linezolid (0.62%), and vancomycin (2.92%). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. aureus were prevalent, accounting for 73.02% and 60.90% of the total strains respectively, and the strains isolated from the intensive care unit (ICU) had the highest percentage of multidrug resistance (77.78%) among the wards.

Conclusion: These findings highlight the urgent need for continuous AMR surveillance and updated treatment guidelines, particularly considering high resistance in MRSA, MDR strains, and ICU isolates. Future research focusing on specific resistant populations and potential intervention strategies is crucial to combat this rising threat.

Keywords: Hanoi; Staphylococcus aureus; Vietnam; antimicrobial resistance; methicillin-resistant S. aureus; multidrug resistance.

Grants and funding

There is no funding to report.