A Study of Community-Acquired Pyodermas with Special Reference to Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)-Positive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

Prashanth R Kamath; Niha F Imthiaz; Ashmiya A Razak; Vidya Pai; Manjunath M Shenoy

doi:10.4103/idoj.idoj_181_23

A Study of Community-Acquired Pyodermas with Special Reference to Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)-Positive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

Indian Dermatol Online J. 2023 Dec 22;15(1):69-72. doi: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_181_23. eCollection 2024 Jan-Feb.

Authors

Prashanth R Kamath¹, Niha F Imthiaz², Ashmiya A Razak², Vidya Pai³, Manjunath M Shenoy²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Dermatology, AJ Institute of Medical Sciences College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
² Department of Dermatology, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
³ Department of Microbiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

Abstract

Background: Community-acquired (CA) pyodermas are one of the most common infections encountered in the dermatology outpatient clinics. A significant number of these conditions are caused by Staphylococcus aureus. CA-methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and CA-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have specific virulence genes which are associated with these diseases, particularly the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes. The presence of the PVL gene as a virulence factor may be associated with recurrent and severe skin infections.

Materials and methods: A prospective study was conducted with 205 cases of CA pyodermas, of which five were discarded due to mixed isolates. Clinical details were taken and wound exudate was sent for bacteriological examination. Further, the molecular study was performed on all MRSA (7) isolates and 13 randomly selected MSSA isolates using polymerase chain reaction for mecA and PVL genes.

Results: Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism (90%) isolated from primary or secondary CA pyodermas. The prevalence of CA-MRSA among all pyodermas was 3.5% in our community. The PVL gene was not detected in all tested CA-MRSA and CA-MSSA isolates.

Conclusion: While pyodermas are common, the prevalence of MRSA is low in the CA pyodermas in our region. PVL does not appear to be a virulence factor among the isolated MRSA. Larger, multicentric, and periodic studies are, however, required to further justify these claims.

Keywords: Community-acquired pyoderma; Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes; mecA gene; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).