Hepatic Precancerous Lesions and Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Kwun Wah Wen; Sanjay Kakar

doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2023.11.005

Hepatic Precancerous Lesions and Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2024 Mar;53(1):109-132. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2023.11.005. Epub 2023 Dec 16.

Authors

Kwun Wah Wen¹, Sanjay Kakar²

Affiliations

¹ 505 Parnassus Avenue, M545, Box #0102, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Electronic address: Kwun.Wen@ucsf.edu.
² 505 Parnassus Avenue, M545, Box #0102, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

PMID: 38280744
DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2023.11.005

Abstract

This review discusses the diagnostic challenges of diagnosing and treating precursor lesions of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic livers. The distinction of high-grade dysplastic nodule (the primary precursor lesion in cirrhotic liver) from early HCC is emphasized based on morphologic, immunohistochemical, and genomic features. The risk factors associated with HCC in hepatocellular adenomas (precursor lesion in non-cirrhotic liver) are delineated, and the risk in different subtypes is discussed with emphasis on terminology, diagnosis, and genomic features.

Keywords: Atypical hepatocellular neoplasm; Dysplastic nodule; Hepatocellular adenoma.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* / diagnosis
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* / etiology
Humans
Liver Cirrhosis / etiology
Liver Cirrhosis / pathology
Liver Neoplasms* / diagnosis
Liver Neoplasms* / etiology
Precancerous Conditions* / pathology