Rational design of novel diaryl ether-linked benzimidazole derivatives as potent and selective BACE1 inhibitors

Abstract

Due to the large size and high flexibility of the catalytic active site of BACE1 enzyme, the development of nonpeptide inhibitors with optimal pharmacological properties is still highly demanding. In this work, we have discovered 2-aminobenzimidazole-containg ether scaffolds having potent and selective inhibitory potentials against BACE1 enzyme. We have synthesized novel 29 compounds and optimization of aryl linker region resulted in highly potent BACE1 inhibitory activities with EC₅₀ values of 0.05-2.71 μM. The aryloxy-phenyl analogs 20j showed the EC₅₀ value as low as 0.07 μM in the enzyme assay, whereas, the benzyloxyphenyl dervative 24b was comparatively less effective in the enzyme assay. But interestingly the latter was more effective in the cell assay (EC₅₀ value 1.2 μM). While comparing synthesized derivatives in the cell assay using PC12-APP_SW cell, compound 27f appeared as the most potent BACE1 inhibitor having EC₅₀ value 0.7 μM. This scaffold also showed high selectivity over BACE2 enzyme and cathepsin D. Furthermore, the research findings were bolstered through the incorporation of molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and DFT studies. We firmly believe that these discoveries will pave the way for the development of a novel class of small-molecule selective BACE1 inhibitors.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; BACE1; Benzimidazole; Molecular docking; Non-peptide; β-secretase.