B cell development and antibody responses in human immune system mice: current status and future perspective

Sci China Life Sci. 2024 Apr;67(4):645-652. doi: 10.1007/s11427-023-2462-8. Epub 2024 Jan 15.

Abstract

Humanized immune system (HIS) mice have been developed and used as a small surrogate model to study human immune function under normal or disease conditions. Although variations are found between models, most HIS mice show robust human T cell responses. However, there has been unsuccessful in constructing HIS mice that produce high-affinity human antibodies, primarily due to defects in terminal B cell differentiation, antibody affinity maturation, and development of primary follicles and germinal centers. In this review, we elaborate on the current knowledge about and previous attempts to improve human B cell development in HIS mice, and propose a potential strategy for constructing HIS mice with improved humoral immunity by transplantation of human follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) to facilitate the development of secondary follicles.

Keywords: B cell; follicular dendritic cell; germinal center; humanized immune system mouse; humoral immunity.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibody Formation*
  • Dendritic Cells, Follicular
  • Germinal Center*
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Humoral
  • Mice
  • T-Lymphocytes