QTL mapping: insights into genomic regions governing component traits of yield under combined heat and drought stress in wheat

Karthik Kumar Manjunath; Hari Krishna; Narayana Bhat Devate; V P Sunilkumar; Sahana Police Patil; Divya Chauhan; Shweta Singh; Sudhir Kumar; Neelu Jain; Gyanendra Pratap Singh; Pradeep Kumar Singh

doi:10.3389/fgene.2023.1282240

QTL mapping: insights into genomic regions governing component traits of yield under combined heat and drought stress in wheat

Front Genet. 2024 Jan 10:14:1282240. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1282240. eCollection 2023.

Affiliations

¹ Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
² Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
³ National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India.

Abstract

Drought and heat frequently co-occur during crop growth leading to devastating yield loss. The knowledge of the genetic loci governing component traits of yield under combined drought and heat stress is essential for enhancing the climate resilience. The present study employed a mapping population of 180 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between GW322 and KAUZ to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) governing the component traits of yield under heat and combined stress conditions. Phenotypic evaluation was conducted across two consecutive crop seasons (2021-2022 and 2022-2023) under late sown irrigation (LSIR) and late sown restricted irrigation (LSRI) conditions at the Indian Council of Agricultural Research Institute-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi. Various physiological and agronomic traits of importance were measured. Genotyping was carried out with 35K SNP Axiom breeder's genotyping array. The linkage map spanned a length of 6769.45 cM, ranging from 2.28 cM/marker in 1A to 14.21 cM/marker in 5D. A total of 35 QTLs were identified across 14 chromosomes with 6B containing the highest (seven) number of QTLs. Out of 35 QTLs, 16 were major QTLs explaining the phenotypic variance greater than 10%. The study identified eight stable QTLs along with two hotspots on chromosomes 6B and 5B. Five QTLs associated with traits thousand-grain weight (TGW), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and plant height (PH) were successfully validated. Candidate genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, transcription factors, and growth-related proteins were identified in the QTL regions. In silico expression analysis highlighted higher expression of transcripts TraesCS2D02G021000.1, TraesCS2D02G031000, TraesCS6A02G247900, and TraesCS6B02G421700 under stress conditions. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the genetic architecture underlying combined heat and drought tolerance in wheat, providing valuable insights for wheat improvement strategies under changing climatic conditions.

Keywords: combined stress; drought; heat; quantitative trait locus; wheat.

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. A part of the research was supported by a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant number # OPP1215722) sub-grant to India for Zn mainstreaming project and National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA), a network project of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).