Effects of white noise on preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Abstract

Aim: To critically assess the effects of white noise on the pain level, weight gain and vital signs (heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation) of preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods: Ten databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP and Wanfang Data) were systematically reviewed from inception to July 2022. Two reviewers evaluated the risk of bias separately using the Cochrane Collaboration criteria and extracted data using a predesigned information form.

Results: The meta-analysis included eight eligible RCTs. According to statistical analysis, white noise significantly affected the pain level, weight gain, heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation in preterm infants. Regardless of the outcome measurement timing, gestational age and birth weight of preterm infants, subgroup analysis demonstrated that white noise reduced the pain level, heart rate and respiratory rate and promoted weight gain in preterm infants in NICUs.

Conclusion: White noise is a practical and potentially useful therapy for premature neonates in NICUs. No Patient or Public Contribution.

Keywords: meta-analysis; preterm infant; randomised controlled trials; white noise.