Background: Isoprenaline (ISO), a synthetic catecholamine and a β-adrenoceptor agonist, is widely used to develop an experimental model of myocardial injury (MI) in rats. The leading hypothesis for ISO-induced MI in rats is that it results from catecholamine overstimulation, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and development of cardiomyopathy during ISO administration. Folic acid (FA) reduces oxidative stress, improves endothelial function and prevents apoptosis, thereby contributing to cardiovascular protection. This study aimed to investigate the potentially protective effect of FA pretreatment on ISO-induced MI in rats.
Methods: For 7 days, adult male Wistar albino rats were pretreated with 5 mg/kg/day of FA. On the sixth and seventh days, MI in rats was induced by administering 85 mg/kg/day of ISO. Prooxidant markers in plasma samples, antioxidant capacity in erythrocyte lysates, cardiac damage markers, lipid profile, electrocardiography (ECG) and histopathological analysis were evaluated.
Results: FA pretreatment significantly alleviated changes induced by ISO; it decreased the homocysteine and high-sensitivity troponin I level. FA moderately decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and improved the antioxidant activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione. ISO reduced the nitrite level and FA significantly alleviated this change.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that FA, as a mild antioxidant, could be an appropriate cardioprotective substance in the rat model of ISO-induced MI.
Keywords: Cardioprotection; folic acid; isoprenaline; myocardial injury; oxidative stress; rat.